Adjusting Sizing

TestKnit

Hi peeps, hope you're all doing well. I have a question for the more advanced knitters here. I'm making my hubby a pair of gloves, but he has larger than average hands. This sparked my curiosity, how do you guys adjust gauge and modify patterns to alter fit? Is there a way to learn this skill, a resource you could point me to? Here for this small project I think I can just make my gauge larger and knit a couple of extra rows, but surely there must be a way of adapting patterns for say, larger busts, bigger armholes, smaller torsos, etc.